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The House of Esterházy (also spelled ''Eszterházy'', (:ˈɛstɛrhaːzi)) is a Hungarian noble family beginning in the Middle Ages.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Encyclopædia Britannica )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=The Columbia Encyclopedia )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=''Kaposvár University'' ) 〕 Since the 17th century they were among the great landowner magnates of the Kingdom of Hungary, during the time it was part of the Habsburg Empire and later Austria-Hungary. During the history of the Habsburg empire, the Esterházys were consistently loyal to the Habsburg rulers. They received the title of count in 1626 and the Forchtenstein line received the title of ''Fürst'' (Ruling Prince) by the Holy Roman Emperor in 1712. ==History== The Esterházys arose among the minor nobility of the northern part of the Kingdom of Hungary (today's southwest Slovakia), originally a branch of the Salamon clan (''de genere Salamon'') by the name ''Zerházi'' (''de Zerhásház'' / ''de Zyrház'' / ''de Zyrhas''). Their first known ancestors were Mokud (Mocud) from the Salamon clan, who was a military serviceman and landowner in the Csallóköz region of Western Hungary (today Žitný ostrov in southwestern Slovakia), and Pristaldus, a judicial office-holder in the court of Béla III of Hungary.〔Dr. Gabor Szent-Ivany, (COUNT JANOS ESTERHAZY THE LIFE AND WORKS OF THE GREAT SON OF THE HUNGARIAN HIGHLAND Lessons to be drawn from the events of a stormy period in European history, to facilitate the efforts for the achievement of a lasting and peaceful cooperation among the peoples of the Danubian basin ), DANUBIAN PRESS, INC. Astor, Florida 32102 U.S.A., 1989, p. 92., ISBN 0879340347〕 The name Esterházy was first used by Benedict Zerhas de Zerhashaz (1508–1553), who in 1539 took over the wealth of his wife Ilona Bessenyei de Galántha. Their son, Ferenc Esterházy (1533–1604) inherited the coat of arms and title of his mother and the full name of the family became ''Eszterházy de Galántha'', Galanta being a small town east of Bratislava ((ハンガリー語:Pozsony), (ドイツ語:Pressburg)), now capital of Slovakia. The family rose to prominence under Count Nikolaus Esterházy (1583–1645) and his son, Prince Paul Esterházy (1635–1713). In the 17th century, after Nikolaus' acquisitions, the family split into four main family lines: * the older Forchtenstein (Hungarian: ''Fraknó'') line: founded by Nikolaus Esterházy, main seat: Eisenstadt (''Kismarton'') * the younger Forchtenstein line * the Zólyom line: founded by Paul Esterházy (died 1645) * the Csesznek line: founded by Daniel Esterházy (died 1654) In 1626 the Esterházys were granted the title of Count and in 1712, the older Forchtenstein line received the title of (Ruling) Prince by the Holy Roman Emperor. The success of the family arose from the steady accumulation of land, and loyalty both to the Roman Catholic Church and to the Habsburg Emperor. The latter factor was perhaps the most important. A consistent theme of Hungarian history was an ardent and sometimes violent wish to become free of Austrian rule, a wish that was finally fulfilled at the end of the First World War. The Esterházy princes were consistently loyal to the Habsburg monarchy, and on several occasions rendered vital services to it in times of crisis. These included the Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683, and the outright occupation of Vienna by Napoleon in 1809. The family acquired its property in three principal ways: redistribution of land taken from Protestants in the Counter-Reformation, redistribution of land conquered from the Turks, and felicitous marriages.〔Robbins Landon and Jones 1988, 35〕 Most of these lands were situated in present-day Austria, Slovakia and Hungary. The family ultimately became the largest landowners in the Habsburg Empire, and their income sometimes exceeded that of the Emperor. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「House of Esterházy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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